With the advancement of biotechniques, a vast amount of genomic data is generated with no limit. Predicting a disease trait based on these data offers a cost-effective and time-efficient way for early disease screening. Here we proposed a composite kernel partial least squares (CKPLS) regression model for quantitative disease trait prediction focusing on genomic data. It can efficiently capture nonlinear relationships among features compared with linear learning algorithms such as Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator or ridge regression. We proposed to optimize the kernel parameters and kernel weights with the genetic algorithm (GA). In addition to improved performance for parameter optimization, the proposed GA-CKPLS approach also has better learning capacity and generalization ability compared with single kernel-based KPLS method as well as other nonlinear prediction models such as the support vector regression. Extensive simulation studies demonstrated that GA-CKPLS had better prediction performance than its counterparts under different scenarios. The utility of the method was further demonstrated through two case studies. Our method provides an efficient quantitative platform for disease trait prediction based on increasing volume of omics data.