The pathophysiological overlapping between Sjorgens Syndrome (SS) and HCV, presence of anti- muscarinic receptor type 3 (M3R) antibodies in SS, the role that M3R plays in the regulation of the heart rate, has led to the assumption that cardiovagal dysfunction in HCV patients is caused by anti-M3R antibodies elicited by HCV proteins or by their direct interaction with M3R.